G Glossary and
list of abbreviations
Contributors: Alison
Bennett, Kate Fernie, Dave Foster Martin Newman and Neil Lang.
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ACAO |
Association
of County Archaeological Officers. |
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ADAO |
Association
of District Archaeological Officers. |
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ADS |
Archaeology
Data Service: provides services for the AHDS relating to digital resources
that are created as a product of archaeological research, in collaboration
with national and local agencies. |
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AGI |
Association
for Geographical Information. |
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AHDS |
Arts and Humanities
Data Service: funded by the academic community to collect, catalogue and
preserve digital data and distribute these for use in teaching and research. |
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ALGAO UK |
Association
of Local Government Archaeological Officers. |
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ANSI |
American
National Standards Institute. |
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ARIA |
Association
of Regional and Island Archaeologists. ARIA represented the most senior
archaeologists employed by or for local planning authorities in Scotland ,
but in 2006 merged with colleagues from England and Wales to form ALGAO UK. |
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ASLIB |
Association
for Information Management: promotes best practice in management of
information resources. |
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ATF |
Archaeology
Training Forum. |
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BECTA |
British
Education Communications and Training Agency. |
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BGS |
British
Geological Survey |
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BIAB |
British and Irish Archaeological Bibliography: an annual
indexed list of archaeological publications for Great Britain and Ireland
maintained by the CBA, with funding from national heritage agencies and
others. |
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BTCV |
British
Trust for Conservation Volunteers. |
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Cadw |
Cadw
(Welsh for ‘to keep’) is the historic environment division within the Welsh
Assembly Government with responsibility for protecting, conserving and
promoting an appreciation of the historic environment of Wales. |
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CBA |
Council
for British Archaeology. |
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CCN |
Countryside
Character Network. |
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CHNTO |
Cultural
Heritage National Training Organisation, formerly the MTI. |
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CIDOC |
Comitte
International pour la Documentation, Conseil International des Musees: the
Documentation Committee of the International Council of Museums. |
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COSLA |
Convention
of Scottish Local Authorities. COSLA is the representative voice of Scottish
local government and also acts as the employer’s association on behalf of all
Scottish Councils. |
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CREE |
Contextual
Resource Evaluation Environment consortium. |
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CSA |
Council
for Scottish Archaeology. The CSA is a voluntary membership organisation that
works to secure the archaeological heritage of Scotland for its people
through education, promotion and support. |
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CUCAP |
Cambridge
University Collection of Aerial Photrographs maintained by the Landscape
Modelling Unit (formerly Cambridge University Committee on Aerial
Photography): a body which has been involved in undertaking
aerial-photographic surveys for archaeological and environmental research and
management and which holds an important collection of air photographs. |
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CyMAL |
Museums Archives and Libraries Wales. |
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DCLG |
Department
for Communities and Local Governement. |
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DCMS |
Department
for Culture, Media and Sport. |
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DEFRA |
Department
for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. DEFRA was created in June 2001 from
the then Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and from the
environmental and countryside business areas of the then Department of the
Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR). |
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DETR |
Department
of Environment, Transport and the Regions. |
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DoE |
Department
of the Environment. |
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EAC |
Europae
Archaeologiae Consilium |
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EEA |
European
Economic Area: includes all member states of the European Union plus some
countries with associated status. |
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EEC |
European
Economic Community. |
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ENGAGE |
National
Association for Gallery Education. |
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ESRI |
GIS
and mapping software supplier which produces the Arc suit of products. |
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EU |
European
Union. |
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English Heritage (EH) |
(The
Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission): the statutory body which
achieves, enables and promotes conservation of the historic environment in
England. |
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English Nature |
The
statutory body which achieves, enables and promotes nature conservation in
England. |
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exeGesIS SDM Ltd |
A
commercial company which specialises in desktop mapping and text database
solutions for conservation, environmental and local government organisations
including the HER application HBSMR. |
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FISH |
Forum
on Information Standards in Heritage (formerly FISHEN): a working party
established to decide on terminology and develop wordlists and thesauri to be
used in association with the MIDAS units of information. |
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FWAG |
Farming
and Wildlife Advisory Group. |
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GEM |
Group
for Education in Museums. |
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HECAS |
Historic
Environment Advisory Council for Scotland. |
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HEAVS |
Historic
Environment Advsroy Council for Scotland. The Council provides independent
strategic advice to Scottish Ministers on issues affecting the historic
environment. |
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HEIRNET |
Historic
Environment Information Resources Network: a consortium of UK bodies hosted
by the CBA seeking to co-ordinate inter-operability between information
systems relating to the historic environment. |
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HER Forum |
Historic
Environment Records Forum, co-ordinated by English Heritage and ALGAO (and
formerly named SMR Forum), is a discussion forum for HER professionals.
Discussions are held through an e-mail discussion list and twice-yearly
meetings. Its Newsletter HER News
is now part of the Heritage Gateway. |
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Historic Scotland |
Historic
Scotland is an Agency within the Scottish Executive Education Department and
is directly responsible to Scottish Ministers for safeguarding the nation’s
built heritage, and promoting its understandjng and enjoyment. |
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HLF |
Heritage
Lottery Fund. |
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lcomos |
International
Council on Monuments and Sites: the international body responsible for
preparing reports on sites proposed for inclusion on the World Heritage list
for consideration by the World Heritage Committee. |
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IFA |
Institute
of Field Archaeologists: is the professional organisation for archaeologists
in the United Kingdom. It promotes professional standards and ethics for
conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of heritage. |
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IGGI |
Inter
Governmental Group on Geographic Information. |
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IHBC |
Institute
of Historic Building Conservation. IHBC is the professional institute which
represents conservation professionals in the public and private sectors in
the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Institute exists to establish the highest
standards of conservation practice to support the effective protection and
enhancement of the historic environment. |
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liP |
Investors
in People: the national standard for investing in all employees. It was drawn
up after research into the UK's most successful organisations found common
factors in their success: good communication, effective planning, and valuing
every member of staff. |
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ISO |
International
Standards Organisation. |
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LaMIS |
Land
Management Information Service. |
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LGA |
Local
Government Association. The LGA promotes the interests of English and Welsh
local authorities. It aims to put local councils at the heart of the drive to
improve public services and to work with government to ensure that the
policy, legislative and financial context in which they operate supports that
objective. |
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LGMB |
Local
Government Management Board. |
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LSC |
Learning
and Skills Council.The LSC is responsible for funding and planning education
and training for over 16-year-olds in England |
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mda |
A
UK-wide organisation which supports the development and application of
cultural information-management standards for museums and similar
organisations (formerly the Museums Documentation Association). |
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MAFF |
Ministry
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. |
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MGC |
Museums
and Galleries Commission: the national body with responsibility for promoting
standards in museums. The MGC was
replaced by MLAC and then renamed Resource: The Council for Museums, Archives
and Libraries in April 2000. |
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MLA |
Museums,
Libraries and Archives Council: established to replace the former MGC on 1
April 2000 and immediately renamed Resource: The Council for Museums,
Archives and Libraries, The name Resouce has since been droPped in favour of
MLA. MLA is the strategic body working with and for museums, archives and
libraries, tapping the potential for collaboration between them. The
organisation replaces the Museums and Galleries Commission (MGC) and the
Library and Information Commission (LIC) and now includes archives within its
portfolio. |
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MOD |
Ministry
of Defence. |
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MSC |
Manpower
Services Commission: a government agency which funded programmes with the aim
of giving work experience to people who had been unemployed for long periods
of time. Many local government
organisations ran MSC-funded schemes to capture information into SMRs. |
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MTI |
Museums
Training Institute, later CHNTO. |
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Natural England |
Natural England brings together English Nature,
the Countryside Agency and the Rural Development Service. |
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NISO |
National Information Standards Organisation. |
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NMGW |
National Museums and Galleries of Wales. |
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NMRE |
National
Monuments Record (England): an information resource for England's historic
environment established by the RCHME and now maintained by English
Heritage. The NMR contains major
collections of aerial photographs, ground photographs of buildings and
archaeological monuments, plans, sketches and drawings and databases of
monuments, events and archives. |
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NMRS |
National
Monuments Record for Scotland. |
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NMRW |
National
Monuments Record (Wales) |
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NOF |
New
Opportunities Fund: one of the agencies established by the Government to
distribute funds from the National Lottery. |
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NoSAS |
North
of Scotland Archaeological Service. |
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ODPM |
Office
of the Deputy Prime Minister, see DCLG |
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OS |
Ordnance
Survey. |
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OS Archaeology Division |
The
division of the Ordnance Survey, established by O G S Crawford in the 1930s,
which identified and recorded archaeological sites and monuments for
inclusion on Ordnance Survey maps. |
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OUCA |
Oxford
University Committee for Archaeology |
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Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) |
Established
by the DCMS with the British Museum to promote the recording of
archaeological objects found by metal-detector users and others. |
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Public Record Office |
The
national organisation responsible for curating archive collections that
include national government papers. |
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RAF |
Royal
Air Force: the RAF has been engaged in aerial photography and other
remote-sensing techniques since its inception. In the ten years after World War II, the RAF undertook routine
aerial-survey programmes to produce vertical photographs for use by the OS in
mapmaking. |
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RCHME |
Royal
Commission on the Historical Monuments of England: the national body
established by Royal Warrant in 1908 to compile a record of ancient and
historical monuments in England and make recommendations concerning their
preservation. In 1999, the RCHME was
merged with English Heritage. |
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RCAHMS |
Royal
Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. |
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RCAHMW |
Royal
Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. |
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RDA |
Regional
Development Agency. |
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Resource |
Resource:
The Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries: established as MLAC in April
2000 and later launched with a new name. This national body replaces the
former MGC and takes on national responsibilities for libraries and archives.
a second name change has since occurred and the organisation is now known as
MLA. |
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RNIB |
Royal
National Institute for the Blind |
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RNID |
Royal
National Institute for the Deaf |
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SCAUM |
Standing
Conference of Archaeological Unit Managers. |
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SCONUL |
Society
of College, National and University Libraries |
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SDD |
Scottish
Development Department |
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SMR |
Sites
and Monuments Record. |
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SMR
Forum (Scotland) |
A
forum formed in order to implement the recommendations of the Baker Report
(1999) in Scotland’s 18 SMRs. |
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U3A |
University
of the Third Age |
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UNESCO |
United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation: a specialised
agency of the UN which works to preserve our cultural heritage, bringing
together those who can help all nations set the course towards co-operation,
development and peace. |
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WAG |
Welsh
Assembly Government. |
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WAT |
Welsh
Archaeological Trusts. |
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WI
|
Womens
Institute. |
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WoSAS |
West
of Scotland Archaeological Service. |
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XML
UK |
United
Kingdom Forum for Structured Information Standards |
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YAC |
Young
Archaeologists Club. |
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AIP |
Archaeological
Investigations Project: an English Heritage funded project which monitors
archaeological fieldwork generated through planning advice as a result of PPG
16. |
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Archive |
‘The
documents created or received and accumulated by a person or organisation in
the course of the conduct of affairs and preserved because of their long-term
value’ (International Council on Archives). |
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ARENA |
Archaeological
Records of Europe Network Access: a project to search for archaeological
sites and monuments from six European countries: UK, Denmark, Norway,
Iceland, Romania and Poland. The UK is represented in the project by the ADS. |
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ASPIRE |
Archaeological
Standard Protocol for the Integrated Reporting of Events (Scotland) |
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BAR |
British
Archaeological Reports. |
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BAR |
Buildings
at Risk. |
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CANMAP |
A map
enabled query system for Canmore. |
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Canmore |
Canmore
is the name given to the RCAHMS database. It contains details of c.250,000
archaeological sites, monuments, buildings and maritime sites in Scotland,
together with an index to the drawings, manuscripts and photogrphs ion the
NMRS collections. Images of some of the photographs or drawings in the
collection are also available in Canmore. Searches can be made on name,
location, site type or collection, or by using the Canmore mapping service,
CANMAP. |
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CARN (Wales) |
Core Archaeological Record Index. CARN is being
developed as the public entry point to the Extended National Database for
Wales, a national information resource for archaeology and architecture
compiled by archaeological organisations across Wales. |
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CIS |
Countryside
Information System |
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Coflein |
Coflein
is the online databse for the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW) – the
national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales.
The name is derived from the Welsh cof (memory) and lein (line) |
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CORINE |
Land
cover data. |
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DOB |
CBA's
Defence of Britain project. |
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EAB |
Environmental
Archaeology Bibliography. |
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ELC |
European
Landscape Convention |
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ELS |
Entrry
Level Agri-Environment Scheme |
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END |
Extended
National Database for Wales |
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Environmental record |
Records
of the natural environment. |
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Environmental Stewardship |
Includes
Entry-level Scheme (ELS) and Higher Level Scheme (HLS) in England, Tir Cynnal
and Tir Gofal (in Wales) and Rural Stewardhsip Scheme in Scotland. Environmental
Stewardship schemes are agri-environment schemes which provide funding to
farmers and other land managers who deliver effective environmental
management on their land. |
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ESA |
Environmentaly
Sensitive Area. |
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Excavation Index |
English
Heritage's record of archaeological interventions in England maintained by
the NMR |
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HBR |
Historic
Buildings Records: a name used for local-authority records providing an
information-management tool for both listed buildings and other buildings of
local and regional historical interest. |
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HELM |
Historic
Environment – Local Management./ HELM provides accessible information,
training and guidance to decision makers in local authoritirs, regional
agencies and national organisations whose actions affect the historic
environment. Working with key partners, HELM aims to provide the tools to
manage change in the historic environment with increased skill and
confidence. English Heritage promotes the need for properly resourced and
actively consulted historic environment departments, conservation officers,
archaeologists and historic environment records. More than 40% of local
authorities have now appointed historic environment champions to provide
leadership on heritage issues. |
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HER |
Historic
Environment Record: a name used for records which provide an
information-management tool for both archaeology and historic buildings. |
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HER News |
Former
newsletter of the HER Forum, published twice a year by English Heritage now
part of the Heritage Gateway. |
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Heritage Gateway |
English
Heritage is currently co-ordinating a project in partnership with ALGAO and
the IHBC to build a ‘Heritage Gateway’ This will act as a portal to the
resources of English Heritage including the new Heritage Protection Reform (HPR) Register of Historic Sites and Buildings of England
(RHSBE), the
National Monuments Record (NMRE) and local authority Historic Environment
Records (HERs) and the wider sector (including national and thematic
recording projects) by facilitating distributed searches to provide a rich
and diverse experience to users wishing to explore England’s archaeological
and architectural heritage. |
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HLA |
Historic
Landuse Assessment: an analysis of past and present land use in Scotland |
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HLAMAP |
HLAMAP
is a web-based presentation of HLA data for Scotland that allows the user to
view the data by Historic Land-use Type, Period or Category as well as by
Relict Period and to print out a report of any selected area. |
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HLC |
Historic landscape characterisation: English
Heritage programme to inform landscape-conservation strategies in the context
of planning and agricultural policies. It is aimed at ascertaining and
presenting the historic character of the present day landscape, in a form
which accurately represents the complexity of the evidence. |
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HLS |
Higher
Level Agri-Environment Scheme. |
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HPR |
Heritage
Protection Review. |
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IFP |
Informing
the Future of the Past. |
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ILFA |
Inspiring Learning For All: an MLA produced framework that
enables the ways in which museums, archives and libraries engage users in
learning to be examined and evaluated. |
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Images of England |
Images
of England is an EH, HLF funded project to put a photograph of every Listed Building on the internet |
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IRIS |
Association
for Industrial Archaeology's 'Index Record for Industrial Sites'. |
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ISBN |
International
Standard Book Number. |
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LBS |
English
Heritage's Listed Building System: a computer database of the List of
Buildings of special architectural or historical interest. |
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LCA |
Landscape
Character Assessment. (See also HLC above) |
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LCT |
Landscape
Character Types |
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LHI |
Local
Heritage Initiative: a national grant scheme funded by the Heritage Lottery
Fund and the Nationwide Building Society to help people care for their local
landscape, landmarks and traditions.
The national scheme followed Countryside Agency pilot projects, which
ranged from lime-kilns to local histories, wildlife sites to walls and way
marks. |
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Macaulay |
Institute
which researches the interactions between society and land use. |
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MAGIC |
Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the
Countryside: this brings together spatial information form a number of key environmental schemes and
designations from six government organisations. The MAGIC partners are: DEFRA
(Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), English Heritage,
Natural England, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Department for
Communities and Local Government.. |
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MARS |
Monuments
at Risk Survey: funded by English Heritage and run by Bournemouth University. |
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MPP |
Monuments
Protection Programme: an English heritage programme of site evaluation with
the aim of adding to the schedule of nationally important Scheduled
Monuments. |
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NAR |
National
Archaeological Record: based on the card index developed by the OS's
Archaeology Division, formerly maintained by the RCHME and later incorporated
into the NMR. |
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NLAP |
National
Library of Air Photographs: a collection of vertical and oblique aerial
photographs providing complete national coverage of England. Maintained by
the NMR. |
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NMP |
National
Mapping Programme: an English Heritage project to map the archaeological
resource known from aerial photography and to provide a more reliable
framework for classifying and dating sites. |
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National Heritage Datasets |
A
series of computer-based records maintained by English Heritage, including:
National Monuments Record (the AMIE database); Record of Scheduled Monuments
(RSM database); List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic
Interest (LBS database); Register of Parks and Gardens; Battlefields
Register; Buildings at Risk Register; Protected Wrecks and list of World
Heritage Sites. |
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OASIS |
On-line
Access to the Index of Archaeological Interventions: a partnership project
between English Heritage and the ADS funded by the Research Support Libraries
Programme. |
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OGAR |
Online
Guide to Archaeological Reasearch: maintained by the CBA. |
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Pastmap |
A map
enabled query system for Scottish National Archaeological and Architectural
Datasets |
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PastScape |
Online
resource developed by English Heritage’s National Monuments Record (NMR)
which provides an easy-to-use way to find information about many of England’s
ancient and historical sites, buildings and monuments. The information within
PastScape is taken directly from the NMR’s national historic environment
database. These records contain descriptions of any interesting
archaeological details, pictures (where available) and links to maps and
aerial photographs on other websites. |
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PLANARCH |
Planning
and Archaeology in North West Europe, european funded progect. |
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Research frameworks |
An
assessment of land use, settlement, environment, economy and society in a
regional context which provide a framework for curation, decision-making and
research. |
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RSLP |
Reasearch
Support Libraries Programme: a national initiative,
funded by the four higher education funding bodies to bring together both
forms of access to library information, with specific reference to support
for research. |
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RSM |
Record
of Scheduled Monuments: maintained by English Heritage. An RSM number identifies a scheduled
monument within that system. |
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SCAPE |
Scottish
Coastal Archaeology and the Problem of Erosion. |
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SCRAN |
Scottish
Cultural Resources Access Network. |
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SWAD |
Scottish
Wetland Archaeological Database. |
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Ty Gofal |
All
Wales Agri-Environment Scheme. |
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TORC |
Training
Online Resource Centre. |
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UAD |
Urban
Archaeological Database. |
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AONB |
Area
of Outstanding Natural Beauty. |
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Conservation area |
An
area of historical and architectural character whose boundaries have been
designated in local plans. Local
planning authorities have special planning powers covering these areas which
aim to preserve and enhance their character. |
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Conservation plan |
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DC |
Development
Control. |
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DDA |
Dissabilities
Discrimination Act: 1995 Act of
Parliament seting out equal rights of the dissabled. |
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DPA |
Data
Protection Act: 1998 Act of Parliament setting out the obligations of the
holders of personal data to the subjects of that data. |
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EIR |
Environmental
Information Regulations, 2004. |
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ELS |
Entry
Level Agri-Environment Scheme. |
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ESA |
Environmentally
Sensitive Area (designated by MAFF). |
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HLS |
Higher
Level Agri-Environment Scheme. |
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FOI |
Freedom
of Information Act, 2000. |
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HPR |
Heritage
Protection Review |
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Listed buildings |
Buildings
of special architectural or historical interest included in the Lists
published by the DCMS. |
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Listing |
The
process of identifying buildings of architectural or historical interest and
publishing them on the Listed Buildings list. |
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NPPG |
National
Planning Policy Guideline (Scotland) |
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PaG |
See
Registered Parks and Gardens also used as short hand for the Parks and
Gardens Registraion System. |
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PAN |
Planning
Advice Note (Scotland) |
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PPG |
Planning
Policy Guidance Note: a series of guidance notes issued by the DoE
identifying issues to be taken into consideration by local planning authorities.
(England) |
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Protected Wreck |
These
are wreck sites in UK waters which have been identified and designated for
protection by the DCMS. |
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Registered Battlefields |
A
register of battlefields of special historical interest, to draw attention to
the importance of these sites. For
English battlefields it has been compiled by English Heritage. |
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Registered Parks and Gardens |
A
register of parks and gardens of special historical interest, to draw
attention to the importance of these sites.
For parks and gardens in England it has been compiled by English
Heritage. Parks and Gardens dating
from 1939 or earlier are included in the register and the gardens are graded
(I, II* or II) to indicate their interest. |
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RHSBE |
Register
of Historic Sites and Buildings of England, the new protection register
proposed in HPR. |
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RIGS |
Regionally
Important Geological Sites. |
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ROW |
Rights
of Way, footpaths and other routes along which members of the public have the
right to pass. |
|
|
|
RR(A)A |
Race Relations Amendment Act, 2000. |
|
|
|
RSS |
Regional
Spatial Strategy. |
|
|
|
SAM |
Scheduled
Ancient Monument: Scotland and Wales (for Emgland see SM). |
|
|
|
SDA |
Sex
Discrimination Act, 1975. |
|
|
|
Scheduling |
The
process of identifying, assessing, reviewing and recommending monuments to
the Secretary of State fbr Culture, Media and Sport for the purpose of
inclusion in the Schedule of Monuments.
Scheduling of monuments in England is currently incorporated in the
Monuments Protection Programme. |
|
|
|
SM |
Scheduled
Monument (England), formerly Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM): a monument
included in the Schedule of Monuments and protected under the terms of the
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. For Scotland and Wales
see SAM. |
|
|
|
SPP |
Scotish
Planning Policy: guidance issued by the Scottish Executive. |
|
|
|
SSSI |
Sites
of Special Scientific Interest. |
|
|
|
Statutory instrument |
Any
designation to which the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 applies. |
|
|
|
SEA |
Strategic
Environment Assesment |
|
|
|
TAN |
Technical Advice Note (Scotland): guidance produced by Historic
Scotland Also
Technical Advice Notes (Wales) which supplement "Planning Guidance
(Wales): Planning Policy". |
|
|
|
TPO |
Tree
Preservation Order. |
|
|
|
Treasure Act |
The
1996 Act that defines which finds or objects should be reported to local
coroners as Treasure. |
|
|
|
UDP |
Urban
Development Plan (Wales). |
|
|
|
WHS |
World Heritage Site: A site which is identified on the list of cultural
and natural properties protected under the UNESCO Convention on World Heritage
agreed by the World Heritage Committee. |
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
Adoption of the HER |
Refers
to the adoption by a local authority of a HER as the information resource on
which planning decisions concerning the archaeological environment will be
based |
|
|
|
AIFA |
Associate
member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists. |
|
|
|
BestValue |
A
national Government initiative which sets out a duty for local authorities
'to deliver services to clear standards, covering both cost and quality, by
the most effective, economic and efficient means available' (IDEA 2000). |
|
|
|
BVPI |
Best
Value Performance Indicator. |
|
|
|
Codes of Practice |
Guidance
notes issued by trade associations, professional associations and the like,
regarding the conduct of their members. |
|
|
|
CPA |
Continuous
Performance Assessment |
|
|
|
CPD |
Continuous
Professional Development |
|
|
|
Co-operation Statement |
A
1998 statement on behalf of the RCHME, ALGAO and English Heritage setting out
the current position relating to SMRs and a shared vision for their future
development (RCHME, ALGAO and English Heritage 1998). |
|
|
|
HEIRS |
Historic
Environment Information Resources: organisations with information systems
relating to archaeology and the historic environment. |
|
|
|
HER |
Historic
Environment Record. |
|
|
|
HWM |
High
Water Mark. |
|
|
|
Lead Role |
Refers
to the lead role in respect of HERs in England for national Government
currently held by English Heritage. |
|
|
|
LGR |
Local
Government Reorganisation. |
|
|
|
MIFA |
Member
of the Institute of Field Archaeologists. |
|
|
|
NOS |
National
Occupational Standards, form the basis of the Government's strategy for
vocational qualifications and training. |
|
|
|
PDP |
Personal
Development Plan |
|
|
|
Public Enquiry |
A
process in which evidence may be presented by members of the public and other
parties to an official body for review and for their recommendations. The location of new developments (such as
roads or airports) is an example of a subject which may go to public enquiry. |
|
|
|
PIFA |
Practitioner
member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists. |
|
|
|
SMR |
Sites
and Monuments Record, now know as HERs particularly in England, some
individual records still use the
title SMR. |
|
|
|
SMR Assessment Report |
Report
commissioned by ALGAO from David Baker, with funding from the RCHME, giving
an assessment of the condition of SMRs in England in 1998 (Baker 1999a).
David Baker produced Simillar reports for Scotland and Wales. |
|
|
|
Walsh Committee |
The
1968 Committee of Enquiry into the arrangements for the Protection of Field
Monuments by County Planning Authorities. |
|
|
|
Walsh report |
The
report prepared by the Walsh Committee and published in 1969. |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|||
|
Collecting policy |
A
policy document which defines the physical material which it is within scope
of the HER to collect, this should also include a policy for appropriate
disposal of inappropriate material. This document is separate to the
recording policy (see below). |
||
|
Disaster plan |
A
plan which helps staff to react in the event of a disaster and to cope with
the aftermath. The process identifies precautions to reduce the possibility
of a disaster, procedures to meet immediate requirements in the event of a
disaster and contingency plans for coping with the aftermath. |
||
|
Forward plan |
A
management plan which takes stock of the current situation and sets out plans
for the future. |
||
|
Historic buildings |
Buildings
which are of national, regional and local historic interest, including listed
buildings. |
||
|
Pilot project |
A
project which is designed to test the effectiveness or potential of a
particular approach. |
||
|
Recording policy |
A
policy document which defines the breadth and scope of the information
recorded in the HER. This document is separate to the collecting policy (see
above). |
||
|
SLA |
Service
Level Agreement: an agreement between a client and a contractor that sets out
agreed service levels, for example minimum response time, the number of hours
of telephone support, replacement equipment, etc. |
||
|
Strategic plan |
A
high-level planning document which sets out an organisation's overall aims
and objectives for the next three to five years. |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Building assessment |
A
professional assessment of a built structure by an architectural historian,
archaeologist or other specialist. |
|
|
|
Consultation |
Refers
to requests for information and professional advice made by planning
authorities, developers, Government agencies and curators. |
|
|
|
CRM |
Cultural
Resource Management. |
|
|
|
DAC |
Diocesan
Advisory Committee |
|
|
|
Diocesan archaeologist |
Church
of England archaeological adviser. |
|
|
|
LPA |
Local
Planning Authority. |
|
|
|
Mitigation |
A
recommendation made by a conservation professional to mitigate any adverse
impacts which may result from a development proposal. |
|
|
|
Planning advice |
Professional
conservation advice about the implications of proposed developments on the
cultural heritage. |
|
|
|
WSI |
Written
Scheme of Investigation. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
EMA |
Event-Monument-Archive
model, see EMS. |
|
|
|
AMIE |
A
computer database developed for the RCHME's (now English Heritage's) NMR to
hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This replaced NewHIS. |
|
|
|
Card-index system |
A
topical set of ordered cards maintained to provide an index to a collection:
for example a card index to a library might be ordered by author's name. |
|
|
|
CIMI |
Centre for Industrial and Medical Informatics |
|
|
|
CRM |
Conseptual
Reference Model. |
|
|
|
Extensive Urban Survey |
English
Heritage programme leading to reports on historic towns within an area and
the enhancement of the HER. |
||
|
EMS Events-monuments-source data
model |
A
logical data model which divides information about the historic environment
into site investigation (event), site interpretation (monument) and reference
sources. (Formerly known as EMA – Event-Monument-Archive) |
||
|
FLO |
Finds
Liaison Officer of the portable Antiquities Scheme. |
||
|
Gazetteer |
A
list of place names with their associated location, normally given as a grid
reference. Gazetteers are published by the OS and other mapmakers and are
used as an aid to finding the location of a place on a map sheet. In
archaeology, gazetteers of site names and their locations are often included
in journals and other publications. Gazetteers have a specific use in GIS,
described separately. |
||
|
Grandfather, father, son backup
system |
A
method for storing previous generations of data that are continuously
updated, sometimes know as GFS |
||
|
HBSMR |
A
software package for HERs that implements the MIDAS data standard which was
jointly developed by the NMR and exeGesIS SDM Ltd in partnership with ALGAO.
An earlier version was called SMR. |
|
|
|
Intensive urban surveys |
English
Heritage programme leading directly to the creation of UADS. |
|
|
|
LBS |
Listed
Building System. The LBS is the EH database for managing information on
Listed Buildings. |
|
|
|
LB Online |
LB
Online is a version of LBS accessable to Local Authorities and Statutory
Amenity Societies via the internet. |
|
|
|
MONARCH |
A
computer database developed for the RCHME's (now English Heritage's) NMR to
hold text-based information about monuments, archives and events. This was replaced by NewHIS, and now by
AMIE. |
|
|
|
Monument record |
A
record in a card index or computer database which describes and indexes an
interpretation of the archaeological or architectural features represented on
a site. |
|
|
|
Negative events |
Archaeological
investigations, such as watching briefs and trial trenches, that find no
evidence for human activity. These
are described and recorded as negative events. They are considered as important in evaluating the potential
for human activity in the area or the effectiveness of a particular field
technique under certain conditions. |
|
|
|
NewHIS |
A
computer database developed for English Heritage's NMR to hold text-based
information about monuments, archives and events. This replaced MONARCH, but has been superceded by AMIE. |
|
|
|
OS card index |
Card
index of archaeological sites and monuments formerly maintained by the OS
Archaeology Division. |
|
|
|
PaG |
Parks
and Gardens Registration System. |
|
|
|
PRN |
Primary
Reference Number to SMR records. |
|
|
|
Record map |
This
refers to the maps (most commonly at 1:10,000 scale) used to record the
location of sites or monuments in HERs/SMRs prior to the introduction of GIS. |
|
|
|
Recording-practice guidelines |
Desk
manuals for use in HERs and the NMR that are based around national data
standards but which aim to provide practical guidance on how to record in the
local situation. They may include
guidelines on sources, monument categories, adding and editing records, etc. |
|
|
|
Records management |
The
function of managing records to meet operational business needs,
accountability requirements and community expectations. |
|
|
|
RSM |
Record
of Scheduled Monuments. The RSM is the EH database for managing information
on Scheduled MonumeNts. |
|
|
|
Secondary sources |
Published
and unpublished works that are based on the interpretation of primary
research materials such as finds, aerial photographs, geophysical survey
data, etc. Some secondary sources are
based on interpretation of both primary data and re-interpretation of other
secondary sources. |
|
|
|
Signpost |
Cross-references
to places where other information can be found. |
|
|
|
Superfile package |
English
Heritage-supported text-file system for SMRs based on the AN32 recording
form. |
|
|
|
TOAD |
Database
system developed by Oxford Arch Digital. |
|
|
|
Version 1 SMR systems |
Text
flies based on a paper report form used by English Heritage to record visits
to Scheduled Monuments by FMWs (known as AM107 and its predecessors the AM12
and AM7). |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|||
|
Address matching |
A
geocoding process which matches the street address of a property to its
location. This usually involves the
matching of two database flies, the first containing the address of interest,
the second the list of addresses and their co-ordinates |
|
|
|
ArcGIS |
GIS
software supplied by Esri. |
|
|
|
ArcView |
GIS
software supplied by Esri. |
|
|
|
Attribute |
A
particular item of text, whether numeric or alphabetic, that is used to
control the entry of terms into a unit of information. |
|
|
|
AutoCAD |
Drawing
software often used with GIS. |
|
|
|
Buffer |
A
zone of user-specified distance around a point, line or area feature. Buffers are commonly used as a means of
identifying the proximity of features (for example, finding all
archaeological monuments within a 1 kilometre corridor of a proposed
motorway). |
|
|
|
CAD |
Computer
Aided Design: software programme for the design, drafting and presentation of
graphics. Originally designed for
manufacturing drawing, now also widely used for mapping. |
|
|
|
Cadastre |
A
dataset containing information related to landownership and rights. This usually takes she form of maps and
descriptions of uniquely identifiable land parcels. For each parcel, legal information such as ownership, easements
and mortgages are recorded. |
|
|
|
Cell |
The
basic element within a grid or raster dataset. |
|
|
|
Centroid |
The
centre point of a polygon, often used to attach attribute information to an
area such as a census ward. These may
be mathematically derived or user defined. |
|
|
|
Co-ordinate |
Numbers
representing the position of a point relative to an origin. Cartesian co-ordinates express the
location in two or three dimensions as the perpendicular distances from two
or three orthogonal axes. |
|
|
|
DEM |
Digital
Elevation Model, or terrain model: a data model used to represent a
topographic surface, often based on a grid with height value for each cell,
or on a set of irregular triangles (later known as a TIN model). |
|
|
|
Digitising |
The
process of converting or encoding existing maps from an analogue form (paper)
into digital information, usually in the form of Cartesian co-ordinates. This may be via a digitising table or a
tablet with a handheld cursor, or via a scanner. |
|
|
|
DXF |
Digital
exchange Format: a proprietary exchange format owned by Autodesk, originally
for the transfer of data between CAD systems. Due to its simplicity, it is now widely used in the transfer of
vector data between GIS, despite a number of limitations. |
|
|
|
Emulation |
A
software interface between the operating system and the data together with
the program needed to read it. |
|
|
|
ERDAS Imagine |
Imaging
software product used with GIS. |
|
|
|
ER Mapper |
Imaging
software product used with GIS. |
|
|
|
ETRS 89 |
European
Terestrial Reference Framework. |
|
|
|
Gazetteer |
In a
GIS system, a gazetteer is a list of spatial entities, such as properties, or
streets, held with their co-ordinates.
Gazetteers are used in GIS for rapidly displaying a particular area on
screen and also for searches. The
gazetteer often forms the core of larger GIS-based applications, such as the
prototype National Land Information Service. |
|
|
|
Geocode |
The
element in a database used to identify the location of a particular record,
for example, a postcode. |
|
|
|
Geodetic datum |
A set
of parameters defining co-ordinates for all parts of the earth. For example, WGS 84 is the World Geodetic
System for 1984. Varying datums are
used to produce better local ‘fit’ of a spheroid (a ‘squashed’ sphere) to the
actual shape of the earth – the geoid. |
|
|
|
GeoMedia |
GIS
Software produced by Intergraph. |
|
|
|
GEMINI |
Geo-spatial
metadata interoperability initiative. |
|
|
|
GIS |
Geographic
Information System. |
|
|
|
GiGateway |
Metadata
Standard to replace NGDF. |
|
|
|
GPS |
Global
Positioning System: a position-finding system which uses radio receivers to
pick up signals from four or more special satellites and compute WGS
co-ordinates for the receiver. |
|
|
|
Imagine |
GIS
software product. |
|
|
|
ITN |
Integrated
Transport Network. |
|
|
|
Landform Profile |
OS
vector dataset. |
|
|
|
LandLine |
OS
vector dataset. |
|
|
|
Latitude/longitude |
A
spatial reference system for the earth's surface. Latitude is an angular measurement N or S of the equator,
longitude is an angular measurement E or W of the meridian at Greenwich, UK. |
|
|
|
Map projection |
A
mathematical model used to convert three-dimensional reality into two
dimensions for representation on a map, or within a twodimensional GIS
database. All map projections have
particular strengths: some preserve shape, others preserve distance, area and
direction. All projections have
limitations of which users should be aware. |
|
|
|
Map scale |
The
measure of reduction between the representation and the reality, be it a map
or a spatial database. Scale is
usually represented as a representative fraction of distance (for example
1:50,000, one unit of distance on the map representing 50,000 units in
reality). The nominal scale of a
spatial dataset has considerable influence over the possible application of
the dataset. For example, it would
not be sensible to compare data captured at a nominal scale of 1:625,000 with
data captured at 1:1,250. |
|
|
|
MapInfo |
GIS
sowtware used produced by the MapInfo Corporation. |
|
|
|
MasterMap |
The
OS lares scale digital mapping product. |
|
|
|
MapXtreme |
GIS
software package. |
|
|
|
MetaGenie |
GiGateway
metadata product. |
|
|
|
NGDF |
The
National Geospatial Data Framework: a forum for discussion about common
spatial descriptions within key geographic databases. The NGDF has produced the UK Standard
Geographic Base (UKSGB) and also a metadata standard suitable for use with
spatial information. |
|
|
|
NGR |
National
Grid Reference: a spatial referencing system for the British Isles developed
by the OS. A National Grid Reference
locates a point north and east of a point of origin that lies close to the
Isles of Scilly. |
|
|
|
Node |
A
basic spatial entity within the vector data model which represents the
beginning or end of segment. |
|
|
|
Pixel |
A
picture element of a raster image as displayed on a screen or raster plot. |
|
|
|
OCR |
Optical
Character Recognition. |
|
|
|
OSGB36 |
OS
maritime projection. |
|
|
|
OSGM02 |
National
Geoid Model. |
|
|
|
OSTN02 |
National
Grid Transformation. |
|
|
|
Point |
A
spatial entity that represents the simplest geographical element. Represented in the vector data model as a
single x, y co-ordinate and in the raster, as a single cell. |
|
|
|
Polygon |
A
representation of an enclosed region defined by a segment or a series of
segments that makes up its boundary.
Polygons may have attributes describing the region they represent,
such as the period(s) for a historic town. |
|
|
|
PAI |
Positional Accuracy Improvement Programme (OS) |
|
|
|
Raster |
A
data structure composed of a grid of cells.
Groups of cells represent geographical features; the value in the cell
represents the attribute of the feature. |
|
|
|
Remote sensing |
The
science of acquiring information about the earth using instruments which are
remote to the earth's surface, usually from aircraft or satellites (but
geophysical information is also relevant).
Can provide the ability for the rapid acquisition of data for large
areas. |
|
|
|
Resolution |
The
resolution.of a digital dataset expresses the size of the smallest object
which can be depicted. The term is
most commonly associated with the raster data model where the resolution of a
raster or grid is equal to the size of the cell in the real world. |
|
|
|
Rubber sheeting |
A
process which adjusts the relative positions of features within a dataset in
a non~linear, or non-uniform way. It
is used to transform the co-ordinates of maps with different scales,
orientation or co-ordinate systems. |
|
|
|
Scanning |
A
data-capture technique which digitises information from paper or film hard
copy into digital raster data. The
process is rapid, but the resulting raster dataset only has colour,
grey-scale or black-and white attributes associated with it and may not have
the intelligence necessary for GIS analysis.
Some GIS have tools for converting raster to vector data, but these
always require some human intervention. |
|
|
|
Segment |
One
of the basic spatial entitles and a basis for spatial models. Formed from a set of ordered co-ordinates
(vertics). |
|
|
|
Spatial analysis |
This
is the process of applying analytical techniques to geographically referenced
datasets to extract or generate new geographical information. Spatial
analysis may be used to model complex geographical interactions and is useful
for investigating site suitability and predicting future events. Overall, analytical techniques may be
complex, but are usually made up of a combination of simpler techniques
applied in an appropriate order. |
|
|
|
Thematic map |
A map
which communicates a single theme or subject. For example, a map depicting the number of fieldwork projects
within different administrative areas, or the number of sites within areas
would be thematic maps. These
contrast with general-purpose topographic mapping which depicts features such
as roads, rivers, landmarks and elevation. |
|
|
|
TOID |
Topographic
Identifier in MasterMap. |
|
|
|
Topography |
The
natural and artificial features of the landscape. |
|
|
|
Topology |
The
relationships in spatial terms between connected or adjacent geographical
objects. Topology is used to apply
intelligence to data held in vector data models. For example, topological information for an arc might include
the polygon to its left and right and the nodes to which it is connected. |
|
|
|
UKSGB |
UK
Standard Geographic Base. |
|
|
|
Vector Data |
A
data model based on the representation of geographical objects by Cartesian
co-ordinates, commonly used to represent linear features. Each feature is represented by a series of
co-ordinates which define its shape, and which can have linked information. More sophisticated vector data models
include topology. |
|
|
|
WGS84 |
World
Geodetic System, a maritime projection. |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|||
|
AM107 |
A
Scheduled Monument reporting form. |
|
|
|
AN32 |
A
recording form for information about scheduled monuments developed by English
Heritage in the early 1980s. |
|
|
|
Archaeological ObjectsThesaurus |
A
thesaurus that is maintained by the mda as part of INSCRIPTION to provide
indexing terminology for archaeological objects. |
|
|
|
Authority list |
A
list of terms, whether numeric or alphabetic, that is used to control the
entry of terms into a unit of information. |
|
|
|
Bath Profile |
An International Z39.50 Specification for Library
Applications and Resource Discovery |
|
|
|
Broader term |
A
term that represents a parent to a term or other terms. The broader term is super-ordinate to its
subordinate narrow term. One term may
have many narrower terms and, in turn, each narrow term may itself have
narrower terms. |
|
|
|
Candidate term |
A new
term that has been proposed for inclusion in a thesaurus or wordlist. |
|
|
|
Class |
A
grouping of terms representing concepts within a general subject area. The terms within a class need not be
hierarchically related. |
|
|
|
Compound term |
A
term that is made up of two or more concepts. These are usually divided up into separate terms for each
concept except where this affects the meaning or where its use is very well
established. |
|
|
|
Data dictionary |
A
reference work that sets out.the data fields or units of information
incorporated into a computer system or card index. A data dictionary specifies the information that it is
appropriate to record in each field and any wordlists or thesauri to be used. |
|
|
|
Data model |
A
generalised, user-defined view of data representing the real world and
entitles therein. For example, the
concepts of monuments and events, and their relationship is a model of 'real
world' entitles expressed through a particular organisation of data. |
|
|
|
Data standards |
Data
standards set out what information it is important to record about a
particular subject and how this should be carried out. The aim is to promote consistency in the
way in which information is recorded to enable its retrieval. |
|
|
|
Dublin Core |
A
standard content-description model widely used on the internet.. |
|
|
|
e-Gov metadata standard |
A
list of the elements and refinements that will be
used by the public sector to create metadata for information resources. It
also gives guidance on the purpose and use of each element. |
|
|
|
Grouping term |
A
broader term used to gather a group of terms together but not to be used in
recording. |
|
|
|
Hierarchical wordlist |
A
wordlist containing a hierarchy but no other form of relationship. |
|
|
|
Hierarchy |
An
arrangement of terms showing broader and narrower relationships between the
terms. |
|
|
|
Homograph |
Homographs
are terms that have the same spelling but different meanings. The meanings are usually differentiated
from each other by using a qualifier within round brackets after the term,
for example Bank (Financial) and Bank (Earthwork). |
|
|
|
INSCRIPTION |
The
national heritage reference dataset, a collection of wordlists and thesauri
developed by various heritage bodies, both national and regional, that are
recommended for use in conjunction with MIDAS. |
|
|
|
MIDAS |
Monument
Inventory Data Standard, a data standard for inventories of monuments. It was agreed by representatives from
organisations directly involved in the recording of England's monuments
working together as the Data Standards Working Party, now FISH. MIDAS is a 'content' standard. |
|
|
|
Narrower term |
A
term that represents a specific sub-set of the concepts represented by
another term. A narrower term can
have more than one broader term. |
|
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Non-preferred term |
A
term that cannot be selected for indexing or retrieval, it is treated as
synonymous with another term, the preferred term. |
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Noun phrase |
A
phrase which acts in the same way as a noun.
Terms in wordlists consist of nouns and/or noun phrases. |
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Preferred term |
A
term which can be selected for retrieval and can be used for indexing. |
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Recording standards |
Agreed
standards for recording information within a computer system or card
index. See Data standards and Data
dictionary. |
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Related term |
A
preferred term linked to another preferred term conce tually but not
hierarchically, for example 'Stable' and 'Tack Shed'. Although both terms are to do with horses
there is not a hierarchical relationship but the conceptual link is so close
that anybody looking for 'Tack Sheds' might also want to look for 'Stables'. |
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Scope note |
A
definition of a term for the purposes of the terminology list. It may, or may not, also include guidance
upon its use. |
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Simple wordlist |
A
list of.terms that do not have any relationships built into the wordlist and
do not have multiple elements attached to the same concept. |
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SPECTRUM |
The
UK museum documentation standard published by the mda. This standard is integral to MGC
registration for museums and is being implemented throughout the UK and
worldwide in both manual and computerised systems. |
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Synonym |
A
term having a different form or spelling but the same or nearly the same
meaning as another term, for example, Slaughter House and Abattoir or
Dovecote and Dovecot. |
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Term list |
Another
phrase for a wordlist. |
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Terminology control |
The
overall concept of the use of terms to control the recording and retrieval of
any given unit of information. |
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Thesaurus |
A
list of concepts or terms that normally shows equivalence, hierarchical and
associative relationships. A
thesaurus is a flexible indexing and retrieval tool. |
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Thesaurus of Building Materials |
A
thesaurus maintained by the NMR as part of INSCRIPTION to provide an index to
materials used in the construction of buildings and other structures such as
public monuments, garden ornaments, street furniture, etc. |
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Thesaurus of Monument Types |
A
thesaurus maintained by the NMR as part of INSCRIPTION to provide an index to
monuments, buildings and other built structures by character and function. |
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Unit of information |
Units
of 'reformation are the fundamental facts of interest contained within an
information system whether computerised or manual. |
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Wordlist |
A
standard list of terminology used to control information recorded in a
specific field in a database. |
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Z39.50 |
A
communications protocol designed to enable communciation between computer
systems. |
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Anti-virus software |
Software
that is designed to identify the presence of computer viruses and which
provides facilities for their safe removal from a computer system. This software incorporates an index to
currently known viruses, and as new versions are rapidly introduced, must be
regularly updated. |
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ASCII |
American
Standard Code for Information Interchange text or delimited text for
structured data. |
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Backing-up data |
The
process by which copies are made of computer data and placed in safe storage
to provide a facility to restore information in the event of system failures
or other losses (such as theft of computers). |
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CD/CD-ROM/CD-RW |
Compact
Disc/Compact Disc Read-Only Memory/Compact Disk –
Rewritable. |
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Data capture |
The
process of capturing information into a computer system. This may involve direct input from a
keyboard, scanning, digitising or transfers of digital data from external
sources. |
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Data migration |
The
planned movement of data to new formats and more recent versions of software. |
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Data transfer |
Transfer
of digital data between one computer system and another. |
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DDE |
Dynamic
Data Exchange: a protocol incorporated into the Windows operating system that
allows one application to exchange data or to trigger an action in another
application. |
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Digital archiving |
Long-term
preservation and future use of static digital data. |
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DVD/DVD-ROM |
Digital
Video or Digital Versatile Disc/Digital Video or Digital Versatile Disc –
Read Only Memory. |
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Emulation |
A
software interface between operating system and the data together with the program
needed to read it. |
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Firewall |
A
protective security screen to control access to locally held resources from
unauthorised outside users. |
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Flatfile |
A
computer record system based on a single data table in which a record
consists of a row of data fields. |
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FTP |
File
Transfer Protocol: a way of transferring digital data between source and
destination systems. |
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GiGateway |
A
free web service aimed at increasing awareness of and access to geospatial
information in the UK. |
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GML |
Geography
Markup Language |
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GUI |
Graphical
User Interface: a method of interaction with a computer which uses pictorial
buttons (icons) and command lists controlled by a mouse. |
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Hypertext |
Document
files prepared in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for, use on the World Wide
Web. These documents incorporate text
with links to images, digital data and other documents. |
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lnternet |
A
global communications network made up of millions of computers. Access to the World Wide Web and
electronic mail or 'email' are normally considered as the most important
internet services. |
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lntranet |
Closed
computer networks that are established by organisations to serve the
computing needs of their staff. |
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ISP |
Internet
Service Provider: an organisation that offers services including access to
the World Wide Web and email. |
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IT |
Information
technology. |
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LAN |
Local
Area Network: a computer network maintained by an organisation to connect
computers within a building or a single site. |
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Modem |
An
input-output device which is used to transmit and receive digital signals
between computers across the internet. |
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Multimedia |
A
term used to describe materials available on the internet which incorporate
text, images, video clips and sound clips. |
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ODBC |
Open
Database Connectivity: a set of protocols that allows a database application
held on a client machine to interact with a different database application
held on a server across a network.
For example, using ODBC an Access database on a work station can query
and exchange data with an Oracle'database on a network server. |
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OLE |
Object
Linking and Embedding: a protocol that is incorporated into the Windows
operating system. It allows programs
to communicate with each other and is used to link or embed objects creating
a compound document, for example an Access form might contain a Word document,
an Excel spreadsheet or a Maplnfo workspace.
Linking means that data is retrieved from its original file. Embedding means that data from the
original file is copied into the compound document. |
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Passwords |
These
are codewords, normally made up of a mixture of letters and numbers, that are
used to limit entry to computers, networks and other systems to authorised
persons. |
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PC |
Personal
Computer: a desktop computer which incorporates a monitor, keyboard, central
processing unit and memory storage space used to run applications software. |
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RAID |
Redundant
Array of Independent Disks. |
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Relational database |
A
database which structures data in the form of tables. Each table contains information relevant
to a particular feature, and is linked to other tables by a common
value. For example, two attribute
tables could be lined to a spatial data table via a geocode, such as a
postcode, or a unique identifier. |
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Technology preservation |
The
maintenance of hardware, operating systems and applications used to create
specific data. |
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Trojan horse |
A
type of program that is moved insidiously on to a computer system to be
triggered at sometime by certain pre-defined actions, usually with disastrous
consequences. |
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URL |
Universal
Resource Locator: an address used to identify resources on the World Wide
Web. |
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Viruses |
A
computer virus is a self-replicating programme, which may or may not be
harmful. Viruses are inadvertently
spread from computer to computer on floppy discs, email attachments and from
the internet. Once introduced on to a
computer they may simply display a message on screen but some cause damage to
data files. |
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WAN |
Wide
Area Network: a computer network for a series of buildings which may be
widely separated across the country. |
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Web server |
A web
server is a computer that provides access to HTML documents and other
web-enabled materials stored on its hard disc or memory. This may simply be a personal computer
with appropriate communications software and a connection to the internet, or
it may be a higherspecification machine maintained by an ISP or a large
organisation. |
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Website |
A
linked series of HTML documents that is available on the internet at a
location identified by a URL is referred to as a website. A web page is a single HTML document. |
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Web space |
Space
on the web server that may be used for file storage and for a website. Websites have an address or URL which
locates a hypertext file on the World Wide Web. |
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Worms |
A
destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or
across a network, both wired and wireless. |
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www |
World
Wide Web |
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XML |
Extensible
Markup language |
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Copyright |
Legal
rights associated with the originators of material. |
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Database Right |
Legal
rights associated with the originators of computer databases. |
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DDA |
Disability
Discrimination Act |
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EIR |
Environmental
Information Regulations 2004 |
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FoI |
Freedom
of Information Act 2000 |
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Free Text Search |
A
query made where there is no control of the terminology that is searched
upon: for example a search on 'house' would find any instance where the word
is used regardless of its context. |
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Freedom of access to information on the environment |
1990
EC directive (90/313/EEC) concerning public access to information on the
environment, implemented in Great Britain through the 1992 Environmental
Information Regulations (SI 1447) by the DETR. Under these regulations environmental information relates to
the state of any' water or air, flora or fauna, soil, natural or other land. The 'state' includes physical, chemical and biological
conditions in the past, present and future.
The 'land' includes all land surfaces, buildings, land covered by
water and underground strata. |
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Licensing |
A
form of agreement between two parties in which one party is permitted to
carry out some action by another. For
example, an OS licence permits the licence-holder to use or copy OS maps
within specified conditions. |
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National Archaeology Day |
Annual
events organised by the CBA's Young Archaeologists Club to offer their
members an opportunity to participate in activities organised in partnerships
with museums, SMRS, archaeology units and others. |
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National curriculum |
The
curriculum taught in schools to children between the ages of 5 and 16
co-ordinated nationally by the Department of Education. |
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User declaration forms |
These
are forms that set out the role of the SMR and its commitment to conservation
and preservation of the historic environment. |
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